Dairy

udder differences in goat and cow

Many of us raise more than one species of livestock on our homesteads. There are many benefits to both the pastures and the livestock worm loads with either running them together or rotationally one after the other.
But there are many differences in them including the udder. Here is a article and graphic explaining the differences in the goat and cow.

https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/educational-tips-for-farmers-dairy-goat-versus-dairy-cow

udder differences in goat and cow Read More »

Homesteading

Choosing the right cow for your homestead

I really enjoyed this podcast about how to choose a milk cow for your homestead. While she is very pro Jersey, they do mention the Dexter and the principles for looking for the right cow for your farm, ranch or homestead are essentially the same.

Interestingly she does recommend the trained cow, she did not take the route, but explains the long game to get there. Which ever route you choose, the Dexter should definitely be considered. Less food, easy keepers, little to no metabolic issues have been my experience.

They talk about Angus Jersey being some of the best beef…someone needs to feed them some Dexter!

Listen up ….remember the Dexter is has been the right choice for many of us….we just need to spread the word!

Homesteading with a milk cow
American FarmSteadHers~ Your Homesteading & Gardening Podcast

Jenny asks the questions as someone interested in a future dairy cow, and Donna answers with her experience. We go over the very basics of looking for and keeping a family dairy cow on the homestead.americanfarmsteadhers.com americanfarmsteadconvention.com

Listen on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/american-farmsteadhers-your-homesteading-gardening/id1615836366?i=1000596157232

Choosing the right cow for your homestead Read More »

Homesteading

Dexter Milk records

Dexter Cattle Milk Yields Officially Recorded

May be an image of textMilk Yields Record taken from a Dexter Cattle Society Booklet

No date was given in this pamphlet but if we consider the Dexters that are pictured we can get a close idea of the date. The top Dexter is Atlantic Alision, she was born Jun 12, 1956. A very beautiful Dexter, but her milk yield was not recorded in the data. The second Dexter looks to be either Atlantic Sprat or his son Atlantic Alistair, I lean towards the latter due to the angle of the legs. You can see some pedigree information on Atlantic Alistair here Legacy | World Dexter Information and it will show you a picture that looks very similar. He was born Jun 9, 1957. The Atlantic Herd was owned by Mrs. W. R. N. Tanner of Hock End Checkendon. Spratt was first in his class and went on to win the Silver Challenge Sheild. Atlantic Alision likewise was a prize winner. Mrs. Tanner had many prize winning Dexters and had a memorable herd of Dexter cattle. Both examples are great pictures to represent Dexter cattle.

Butterfat Content in Dexter cattle

     It is interesting to note that many of these cows had higher butterfat contents. Much higher than a Holstien and some producing as much as some Jersey cattle. The Dexter milk separates cream out slower than a Jersey and some of the butterfat remains in the milk retaining richness to the milk even after skimming the thick cream off the top. These records are a testament to those high butterfat amounts. In order to have a proper milk tests all cows should stay in milk for the same duration of time and ideally be fed a very similar diet. It is very rare today that people will keep their cows in milk for ten months. I however can attest to milking Dexters for 10 months during many lactations and can say there are still Dexters today that will hold a lactation well.

The Dwarf Dexter in History

      The final consideration I must only discuss for those who may be new to Dexters, so this article does not confuse someone into thinking that Dexters must have a genetic problem that causes them to lose offspring. Some Dexter cattle carry a genetic trait that when two carriers are bred together can be lethal. At one time it was common to breed towards what was considered a Dwarf type. Dwarf being exactly as it sounds, having short and broad features. This trait was widely favored by Dexter breeders and at one time selected for, even eliminating Dexters that were not of the Dwarf type (Chondrodysplasia negative) or so called “long legged”. Of course, during this time there was no test for Chondrodysplasia, so not every Dexter that was selected for that had short legs was Chondrodysplasia positive, but many would have been. Very early on observant breeders recognized that there were sometimes bulldog calves that were being produced from the mating of one dwarf type to another dwarf type, while at times other short and broad looking Dexters when mated together were not producing bulldog calves. With “selective breeding” some people have sought to retain and select shorter and still broad looking Dexters without having bulldog calves. These mid-legged Dexters as some people called them were shorter than the long-legged Dexters but were Chondrodysplasia negative.  The long-legged type (Chondrodysplasia negative) some people called the Kerry type. The mid-legged Dexters though they were shorter and fit the breed standard better than the long-legged Dexters still look a little different than Chondrodysplasia positive Dexters. Chondrodysplasia positive Dexters have a look to them that is unique, and there are still people to this day that like them and choose to breed them to retain their unique traits. The two Dexters photographed in my opinion were most likely Chondrodysplasia positive but of course without testing we will never know as there are many short Dexters that have short and broad features that do not have Chondrodysplasia.

Breeding Chondrodysplasia positive Dexters is now simpler than ever because a genetic test was created that identified the gene and now breeders can test to know if their Dexter is Chondrodysplasia positive or negative. With this knowledge comes the ability to breed without the negative outcome of a risk of a bulldog calf. If you only breed a carrier to a non-carrier, you will never end up with a bulldog calf, but instead you have a chance of getting either a Chondrodysplasia positive or negative Dexter from the mating. So, breeders who still like the Chondrodysplasia type can have the chance of obtaining it through wise breeding choices with never having a risk of a bulldog.  For anyone who may be reading this who does not know the Chondrodysplasia status of their Dexters you can find the test here. Simple to test and fairly inexpensive but will save you a lot of loss because knowledge is power.  Bulldog Dwarfism (Chondrodysplasia) in Dexters | Veterinary Genetics Laboratory

The other benefit of testing is that if you do not want to breed Chondrodysplasia carriers, you can likewise use testing to select for Dexters that do not carry Chondrodysplasia while still maintaining the breed standard. Today with testing being so affordable it makes sense to test all Dexters to make informed breeding choices and help buyers evaluate the genetics of each Dexter a breeder has to offer. From great milk yields, butterfat content, excellent beef and the choice of breeding the dwarf type (chondro) or not, Dexter cattle have a variety of genetic traits that can please people with a various goal.

This article was written By Danielle of Bryn Mawr. This article cannot be copied or reprinted without prior consent.

 
 

Dexter Milk records Read More »

Historical

Chondrodysplasia

Article I

Fact or Fiction

This is the first of our articles on chondrodysplasia in Dexters. Also called chondro-carriers, shorties, or dwarfs. these terms refer to the same cattle, and will be interspersed throughout the article. Keep in mind, they all mean cattle who are carriers of the dwarf gene.

Per Miriam Webster chondro means cartilage & dysplasia is an abnormal growth or development.

It’s a personal decision to breed chondro carrier Dexters. Of course, it’s your decision what to breed on your farm. But, let’s sort out some of the facts on these endearing little cattle.

Some long time breeders have told me that they believe the dwarf Dexters played an instrumental part in the formation of the breed, as the non-chondro, longer legged Dexters got registered in with the Kerry cattle. They also believe that there are two body types in the dwarves. That will be discussed in a later article.

Just a few of the traits and statements that those who own and experience the pleasures of owning a dwarf believe.

  • “Chondros are the breed. If we lose them we lose the breed.”
  • “Maximum beef on minimum forage.”
  • Personalities are one of a kind
  • Great mothers
  • High milk production
  • Great for first time cattle owners
  • Of course, breed responsibly. Never breed two carriers together and you will never get a bulldog calf. (If you did, the chance is only 25%, but why risk it?)

Those that I see exaggerating & spreading the hate for chondro carriers are using human graphics from the internet and applying their own labels. I have found no professional veterinary opinion stating they should be eliminated. Of course, none of those who love them would want or allow them to suffer. Many Dexters I know of are living into their teens. How many commercial breeds do you see living that long?

Some dwarfs will get osteoarthritis later in life. So will some non-chondros. A lot depends on the bloodlines, the terrain they live on and the care they receive. This also applies to the longer legged non-chondros. Humans also tend to get osteoarthritis later in life. They also can get forms of dwarfism. We don’t eradicate them. It can be managed, IF it happens.

So, please…. educate yourself on this genetic mutation, before you make a judgement.

The photo with the article is a 9 year old chondro positive cow, with twins she just had.

The following is a scientific explanation from UC Davis. We choose the BD1 test, when we get any calves from our carriers. The BD2 test is for a specific line from a specific bull.

Chondrodysplasia Read More »

General

Cattle Marketing Podcast – Reach Your Target Market and Boost Profits

Cattle Marketing Podcast - Reach Your Target Market and Boost Profits

A Deep Dive Podcast, brought to you by Irish Dexter Cattlemen, on topics of interest to all farmers and ranchers. Subscribe to the free, monthly Irish Dexter Cattlemen Tips & Tricks Guide to get early access.

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Podcasts

UDDER CARE. HOW TO AVOID FROST BITE OR DAMAGE

Spring is right around the corner, but for many you are still dealing with cold and snow. Caring for a dairy cow during the winter can be a challenge, but it doesn’t need to be insurmountable!

Teats chap and freeze when wind-chills are at zero and below. You may choose not to post dip at all, which is fine. You can also use products like Winterset, or Revive (from IBA.)

Treat chapped teats with Udder Balm or similar, and be careful to not over milk your cow.

Providing plenty of hay and water, plus a bedded shelter or tree line for wind protection is all she needs otherwise! She heats up from the inside out, with rumination serving as her furnace. She is very likely much more comfortable than you are in this weather!

Juliette is a monthly contributor to the Irish Dexter Cattlemen Newsletter and the author behind many of the articles on the FB group The Science of Owning. Dairy Cow.

Here is a link to other suggestions for dealing with it.
https://www.agproud.com/articles/19093-tips-for-dealing-with-frostbite-and-other-teat-health-issues

UDDER CARE. HOW TO AVOID FROST BITE OR DAMAGE Read More »

Milking

“Dairy Breed” Champion Dexter Bull Atlantic Spratt

Atlantic Spratt was Shown with these Dairy/ Dual-purpose Breeds in 1956!

All Breeds entering the show had to have qualified performace records to compete.

Dexter Cattle put a High Emphasis on Dairy Traits

Dexter Cattle put a high emphasis on dairy traits and beef traits equally. Thoughtful breeders were honing these Irish cattle to excel in both capacities. One of the ways they were doing this, was by selecting bulls from dams with known milk records. Pedigree information is interesting to reflect on when you see repeated names in pedigrees and photos to document what genes might have been passed on from their ancestors. Looking at a bull alone will never tell you anything deeper about his genetics, than what you can evaluate with your eye. A nice-looking bull tells you nothing about what type of milk production his dam might of possessed. Thankfully with photos we can look back on bulls like Atlantic Spratt and see that he had a lot to offer besides just good looks. The fact that Spratt was presented at the show tells us that his dam was qualified by performance records, because it was a requirement to enter the show. Though none of the cows are perfect and much improvements can still be had in generations to come, evaluating them and their records goes to show that they were cows that could surely fill the pail.

Grinstead Toby Sire of Atlantic Spratt

From this photo we can see where Atlantic Spratt got some of his good looks from. His sire was Grinstead Toby, a Reserve Champion Dexter, but to dig deeper I will investigate some of the females in Toby’s pedigree.

Grinstead Trixie the 8th From a Long Line of Doccumented Milkers

Grinstead Trixie 8th Queen of the Dairy Show

This is Grinstead Trixie the 8th. Lady Loder the breeder, was known for only selecting sires out of cows with proven milking records. Though this cow may seem like she has less than perfect attachment at 10 years old(the age in photo), she looks to have a good amount of volume. You will see in the article above, Trixie is “Queen of the Dairy Show” in October 1953 (then 13 years old and winning first prize for 3 running years). She was a top Dexter cow out of cows that were milking at 4 and a half gallons of milk a day. Lady Loder was known to cull hard and keep to a high standard. Trixie the 8th could have had improved udder attachment, but she definitely filled her part as a solid milk cow. Now I shall dig a bit further back in history to give the reader a greater understanding. Let us next consider Grinstead Trixie the second and likewise the original Trixie herself.

Grinstead Trixie the 2nd

The Original Trixie of 1904 Foundation to Grinstead Herd

Just to give a very interesting historical compass to the full impact of the Grinstead Trixie line, let us delve deep into history, back to November 1919 when the original Trixie was being written about. The original Trixie was one of an original 12 cows that were obtained by Lady Lodger. Of those original cows she only kept three, Trixie being one of three top cows. Those 3 cows were chosen for their milking powers. Trixie was born in 1904 and was a foundation cow for the Royal Dublin Society. By 1919 she had produced her 14th calf, proving to be productive and already fairly long lived. What an exceptional cow to start your herd from. This cow was the foundation of Lady Loders Grinstead herd and imprinted her name on the herd for generations to come. Lady Loder in other statements had complained about some of the low quality Dexters that were being sold. Lady Loder may not have started with the best stock, but she culled down to just three cows to build her herd from and only used proven bulls that possessed dairy traits worth passing on to their offspring. She had a focused eye that considered the breed standard when evaluating and considering her Dexters by. Her legacy is one worth being remembered and replicated, showing you do not need much to start out with, but rather have a quest for quality and be willing to cull to obtain it.

Murrell Peach Blossom: Another cow in Spratts line

Murrel Peach Blossom who was likewise related to Atlantic Spratt was a challenge cup winner.

Grinstead Hawk 5th: Another cow in Spratts line

Grinstead Hawk obtained a register of merit for milk production in 1940, won 1st in the milking trails and won the reserve Nutt challenge cup and many more competitions. Though her flat feet and titlted teat may jump out as not quite perfect, there is much to be appriciated in a cow with solid milk production.

Peach Blossom of Claragh : A heifer in Spratts Line

Peach Blossom of Claragh won 2nd place for a cow in milk while competing against mature cows.

In conclusion to this article, I will leave you with this cow Grinstead Watercress, bred by Lady Loder though not directedly related to Spratt. This cow is graceful and well balanced a testament to her breeding. Some may say that she is not deep enough, but for a cow that I believe to be non chondro born in 1920 I’d say she is quite beautiful indeed. I hope this article inspires people, no matter the size of your herd or no matter how long you have been breeding that their is always room for improvement, no matter the current genetics in your herd. In order to truely preserve the wonderful Dexter traits of yesterday we must also be willing to impove our cattle of today.

“Dairy Breed” Champion Dexter Bull Atlantic Spratt Read More »

Historical

LET’S TALK CREAM AND DEXTERS

Here is an interesting article from a fellow Dexter milker, Michele Parsley. Real facts about how it varies and why. Don’t forget, some of our cream stays behind and never completely separates, making two incredible products, cream and still some pretty creamy milk for drinking or making something else. Celebrate your Dexter milk and cream!

https://www.mountainheritagefarm.com/blog/cream-variation

LET’S TALK CREAM AND DEXTERS Read More »

Milking

No Udder, No Cow!

Atlantic Alison Showing off an Exceptional Udder

The old saying “No feet, no cow” is a phrase that denotes the importance of a cow’s ability to walk. Without good feet there can be no cow to stand on them, thus causing peril to the health of the cow. No Udder, no cow could be a similar maximum, denoting the importance of the cow’s udder. Without a good functioning udder, a cow cannot fulfill her role to nourish a calf or humans thus degrading her value as a cow. Not every Dexter needs an udder like Atlantic Alison, but the quality of a Dexter cow is tied up in the function and quality of her udder.

Scale of Points taken from the 1900 English Standard

This scale of points as seen above, is the first scale of points written for Dexter cattle and the most authoritative in breed history. It makes it clear what values can be attributed to a Dexter cow. As you can see udder traits are very important to the Dexter breed. There is no room in the Dexter breed for cows with truly bad udders, as it’s not agreeable to the standard scale of points. So, you see, 40% of a Dexter cows value of points is wrapped up in the quality of her udder, where only 25% goes for her body. That 25% is not just shortness or depth alone but “body, top line, under line, ribs, setting of tail, shortness of leg &c.” The point is cows with good udders are very important to the breed. A cow that lacks valuable udder points would scale very low as a Dexter in general. A cow that is not perfectly short could still score quite high as a Dexter if all other traits were ideal. A short Dexter with a bad udder would easily be beat by a taller Dexter with good conformation and an excellent udder.

No Udder, No Cow! Read More »

Historical

From Freezer Camp to the Milk Pail: Maggie’s Story

How “Accidental” Breeding Created a Little Black Cull Heifer that Turned into One of the Best Milk Cows in the World…

The year was 2015, and I had never touched a cow before buying one. I had read every book I could find and devoured countless online articles about cattle, but I had absolutely zero real-life cattle experience. Still, I knew one thing for certain: I wanted a milk cow. That single desire was all the motivation I needed to bring home my first Dexter cow, Cassandra, in March of that year.

Cassandra—quickly nicknamed MooMa—was due to calve soon, and I couldn’t bear the thought of her living alone for three months. Cattle are herd animals, after all, and MooMa needed a companion. Our budget was tight, so I bought a wild little black cull heifer named Maggie She wasn’t registered because her dam had been bred by a “steer” that had retained one testicle when he had been banded. Maggie was also A1A1 milk, which at the time was a big deal for us so we had no intention of keeping her long-term. Her future, as far as we were concerned, involved freezer camp.

Maggie arrived already overwhelmed. Shortly before coming to our farm, she had been vaccinated, dehorned, weaned, and then hauled to a new home with complete strangers. By the time she stepped off the trailer, she was terrified. Kevin and I stood watching in horror as Maggie calmly stepped between two strands of hot wire as if they didn’t exist—and just like that, she was gone.

MooMa, older and steadier, began calling for her. Before long, Maggie came trotting back, stepping right between the wires again as though that was perfectly normal. We quickly added a third strand of wire and spent the next week wondering what on earth we had gotten ourselves into.

Maggie wouldn’t let us within fifty feet of her. Her fear seemed contagious, and soon MooMa didn’t trust us either. Time was ticking. I had just three months to turn MooMa into a milk cow. So every day—sometimes multiple times a day—I went out and simply sat in the pasture with them. Cattle are naturally curious. At first, they’d freeze and stare at me, clearly hoping that if they didn’t move, I wouldn’t notice them. But it didn’t take long for them to learn I wasn’t there to hurt them—and that I usually brought treats. Before long, my pasture visits became something all three of us looked forward to.

On June 10, 2015, MooMa gave birth to a little red bull calf we named Liberty. Five days later, I began milking her. The next nine months were a steep learning curve for both of us. I’d love to say she milked like a dream, but the truth is… quite the opposite. That story, however, is for another blog post.

When it came time to rebreed MooMa, my AI technician talked me into breeding Maggie as well. She had grown into a lovely little heifer and could, at the very least, provide us with beef. She was still mostly wild—nearly all my effort had gone into training MooMa—but Maggie didn’t need to be tame to reproduce, so we went ahead and bred her.

Throughout her pregnancy, Maggie came to the barn every single day. She stood quietly, watching me freequently dodge kicks and often times fight for every drop of milk from MooMa. What I didn’t realize at the time was that Maggie wasn’t just waiting for her “big sister” to finish—she was studying.

Fast forward several months. MooMa calved her second calf just days before Maggie had her first. Once again, I began milking MooMa, and once again, Maggie watched and waited.

Four days after Maggie calved, I walked into the barn expecting my usual routine and instead found Maggie standing squarely in the milk stanchion. She refused to leave. Waving my arms, yelling like a crazed person—nothing fazed her. Finally, exasperated, I looked at her and said, “Well, Maggie, I guess you’re going to be a milk cow today.” Fully expecting her to spook and bolt, I slammed my milk bucket loudly beneath her. She didn’t move. I washed her udder. Still nothing. When I finally grabbed a teat and squeezed, Maggie sucked in her gut and stood like a seasoned professional. No treats. No headgate. No kicks. No tantrums. This little black cull heifer wanted to be a milk cow.

Dexters are notorious for holding back their hind milk unless the calf is nursing. I’ve long accepted this and simply train calves to nurse on one side while I milk the other. But Maggie is different. She gives me everything she makes, trusting me to leave enough for the one thing she loves more than anything—her calf. When it’s time to wean, she handles it herself, yet she still comes to the barn every day, eager to be milked.

One year, while transitioning Maggie from a fall calving schedule to a spring schedule, I milked her for 380 days straight. In my book, that makes her a Super Cow. Maggie remained a cherished milk cow at MooShine Ridge for many years—a living reminder that sometimes the animals we least expect to keep are the ones who teach us the most.

About the Author:

Kimberly Jepsen is the heart behind MooShine Ridge in Vinita, Oklahoma, where she and her husband, Kevin, have been raising dual-purpose Dexter cows since 2015. Their little farm store is a labor of love, offering Dexter beef, raw milk, and artisan cheeses made from their own cows. Kimberly has a deep passion for the Dexter breed and loves nothing more than sharing what she’s learned over the years—whether it’s guiding fellow farmers, helping newcomers discover the joys of small-scale farming, or simply introducing people to the rich, creamy flavors of her handcrafted cheeses. For her, farming isn’t just a business—it’s a way to nurture animals, the land, and the community she cares about. https://mooshineridge.com/

From Freezer Camp to the Milk Pail: Maggie’s Story Read More »

Milking

Is Your Dexter Udder Hairy?

Let’s face facts. Some of our Dexter gals have some pretty hairy udders. All that hair is not something we want if we are trying to milk them and provide a clean product.
I use these handy dandy scissors pictured below, but some folks also use electric clippers, as in the short video below.

What ever method you choose, make sure you do it, it makes cleaning the udder sooo much easier!

Is Your Dexter Udder Hairy? Read More »

Milking

Historically looking at the Dexter milk properties!

Many may not know that the Dexter at one time was known to have milking properties of equal merit as the Kerry, a known dairy breed, though they are a dual-purpose breed. Mr. R Tait Robertson was to of said ” The milking properties of both breeds may be said to be of about equal merit”. Who is R. Tait Robertson? He is the son of James Robertson, of whom bred or collected a large portion of the foundation Dexters sold to England and other places. He was an influential breeder. For an interesting photo reference of the amazing similarities of Dexter and Kerry cattle see Aicme Check (Dexter cow) and Greenah Florah 2nd (Kerry cow). I did not have to hunt far and wide to find examples that looked closely related. All I had to do is go to the 1901 Herd book and find the only available photos of an example Kerry and Dexter cow. And by the way note the classic white Dexter udder marking on the Kerry cow as this was a common Kerry trait feature too. Nose to nose as you can see in the photo comparison they do look quite alike.

Historically looking at the Dexter milk properties! Read More »

Historical

Pasteurization …The History Behind it.

Pasteurization is a personal choice! This history behind is interesting. Seems like the movement now is for smaller homestead dairies, selling to local folks. Give a listen, she gives many perspectives!

Pasteurization …The History Behind it. Read More »

Milking
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