beef

Information on Irish Dexter beef

Hats Off – 100% Tenet Herd

Hats Off - 100% Tenet Herd

I didn’t know about white cowboy hats. How could I?  I’m from Silicon Valley and not raised to be a farmer. Mr. Faith, Vice President of Mellonics Systems Development, in Mountain View, before there was a Silicon Valley, called me into his corner office, he was upset and I didn’t know why. Evidently, I worked for him. He said, “Isn’t it your job to make sure every file cabinet in this building is filled with pencils and paper?” Of course, I replied. “Well, then go down the end of this hall, through those double Dutch doors, and see that that file cabinet is always full!” I had never been through those big double Dutch doors and certainly didn’t know there was a file cabinet there that needed filling. Mellonics did top secret work, that I did know because it took months before my top secret clearance came through. I was in charge of file cabinets, pencils, paper, graph lined paper, paper tablets, but then five file cabinets were labeled Top Secret. Those cabinets were full of folders, one for each employee that contained their top secret security clearance information. I was to keep these files organized. What did all these people do? I didn’t know. That was Top Secret! So, off I go, down the hall with my roll cart full of my usual supplies, until I reach the end where there are two really big double Dutch doors. As I opened one of the doors, what I didn’t know was that this was going to change the rest of my life.

Years later, Laura Christofk, then President of the Purebred Dexter Cattle Association, asked me to come over to show me what she had designed to be the framework for a new online application that would make PDCA the premier Irish Dexter cattle registry in the United States. I was appointed Director and board member of PDCA in charge of technology.  It was a challenge I was up to do. Thirty years ago, I had opened a door and walked into a massive data center containing an IBM 360 mainframe computer. Seeing it for the very first time turned on a switch in my being that changed my not knowing into needing to know and a lifetime career in the Silicon Valley computer industry. I was always aware that what we were all doing was changing the world. Every day, there was something new. We were learning not to question if it could be done, but rather question how it could be done. This was the core culture of Silicon Valley, although it did not include white cowboy hats.

I made a huge mistake as an Irish Dexter cattle rancher and farmer. When selling some calves to Lainey, she asked me if they could be registered with the American Dexter Cattle Association. Of course they can, I replied. My bull, Gunner, was registered with ADCA, PDCA, and the Legacy Cattle Registry. What could go wrong? As Lainey loaded her new halter trained heifer calves, overwhelmed at how easy it was to put a halter on and simply walk them into the trailer, she thanked me and then asked me to send their ADCA registration certificates. Easy, peezy! I called Joel Dowty, Gunner’s prior owner and board member of the American Dexter Cattle Association (ADCA), who proceeded to explain that the calves’ dams’ sire and grandsire needed to have genetic markers on file with the ADCA What? Well, how hard can this be? My cows were were all registerd with the Purebred Dexter Cattle Association (PDCA), a different registry. I called the prior owner of the dam who still owned the sire and soon had tail hairs to send to the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory. Notification of completed tests would be sent to the ADCA. After getting the sire’s tail hairs sent, off I went to find the grandsire. During the phone call to Dr. Wes Patton, owner of Glenn Land Farms and last owner of the grandsire, I was informed that the grandsire fell into a pond and died. Well, no real problem, Dr. Patton was an expert on genetics so I asked for the grandsire’s genetic records or stored tail hairs. None! In disbelief I asked why and Dr. Patten explained this was right before genetic testing was even being done. Well, now it’s time to meet personally with Stephanie, the UC Davis VGL cattle genetic specialist to find out how the grandsire’s genetics could be done

As a PDCA director, I was frequently confronted with something new going on. Robin Pittack kept pestering PDCA about some cattle show in Denver that happened to be the largest, premier cattle show in the United States and they are asking for Irish Dexter owners to bring their dexters to the show for the very first time in its 75 year history. Laura Christolfk, our President, asks when is the show? Robin says it’s in January! There’s five feet of snow in Denver in January. Laura agrees to help sponsor the show and suggests that if neither she nor I transport our Dexters to the show, we should at least show up to man the booth. I drove over to the local Tractor Supply and bought — a white cowboy hat.

My meeting with Stephanie at VGL was challenging. She explained that the only way to get the genetic profile on the grandsire was to locate ten offspring, get their tail hairs, produce the genetic markers for all ten, then and only then could the grandsire’s genetic marker be derived. How can this be done? There were exactly ten living offspring of the grandsire in the pedigree database. It turned out I already had access to seven: the sire, the calf, the dam, and four more of my cows. Every week, I would meet with Stephanie at UC Davis. At first, I asked Stephanie to simply look up the case numbers for the remaining cows and she stated that was not possible. Why? Because the cows have privacy rights! This is nuts, they are cows! Undeterred, she told me that I could give her the case numbers, and then she could look up their genetic markers. This was no different than those top secret files I managed years ago. Then, I would ask three guards to each use their code to unlock the file cabinets and could pull out the needed file folders. Now I needed three Dexter owners to give me their case number codes to give Stephanie to pull up their genetic markers on file. Genetics can answer a lot of questions.

The booth at the National Western Stock Show in Denver was busy. Next to us was a booth of a commercial Angus cattle ranch in Wyoming. All the hands in the booth wore black cowboy hats. My hat was white and they addressed me as Sir! Several weeks before this, Laura Christolfk had discussed with me the critical need to figure out how to tell if a steer would produce beef that would be tender. She knew we had the most flavorful beef. Most of the time Dexter beef would be exceptionally tender. She questioned if there could be a tenderness test. On one of my breaks, I walked over to one of the cow barns to check out what might be happening there. It was completely empty except for a straight cattle chute that was set up right in the middle, with a computer on a table right in front of it. This got my immediate attention. A half dozen technicians were working the equipment, getting it all set up, checking the connections, checking the accessories. I was wearing my white cowboy hat. Every question I asked, they immediately answered, and didn’t question me.  They explained how they were using a sonogram wand attached to the platform computer to measure a bull’s back fat. The amount of back fat marbling displayed on the sonar wand computer as a graft would be used to produce a number from one to ten as a measure of the meat’s tenderness. At that moment, five, fully groomed, beautiful looking  bulls were led into the barn by five ranch hands, all in a row, one after the other. Following right behind was a tall, older gentlemen, holding a pair of calipers. He respectfully nodded to me. This was the owner. As each bull was led threw the chute for its sonar reading, the owner with the calipers got behind, on his knees to measure the bull’s sack, calling out numbers to be entered into the platform computer. This was all meant to impress. A computer generated piece of paper, accompanied with the bull, to be given to the auctioneer, held high as he got a fortune for a beautiful looking, well groomed, fully computer measured bull. The owner wore a white cowboy hat.

In the computer industry, there’s a saying, “Garbage in, Garbage out!” I knew, from real world experience, that none of this computer generated measurements were going to predict how tender the beef was going to be. I raised Irish Dexter cattle and sold beef to a local high-end restaurant, Watershed at the Owl, in Grass Valley, California. Every month we delivered a steer, in quarters, to the restaurant for the chef to hang, butcher, and serve to the local foodies to taste and enjoy. We were a USDA Certified Organic ranch. The steers were born and raised on our ranch. All the beeves were raised exactly the same. They were 100% grass fed and 100% grass finished. Every steer was fed exactly the same. When delivered, I personally inspected every one of them. They all had the same leanness. They all had the same fat marbling. Every steer hung for the same amount of time. Each one had the distinctive, amazing taste that only Irish Dexters can produce. Only, every once in a while, one would not be as tender as the others and we would hear about it. It was a very perplexing problem for which we did not have an answer. Taste is a funny thing, it’s both flavor and tenderness. Laura Christolfk’s question, how to tell if a steer would produce beef that would be tender, continued to be relevant.

The reputation of our farm, the reputation of Irish Dexter cattle, everything hung on the issue of beef tenderness. After lots of research into juiciness, fat, marbling, cattle feed, the grass cattle eat, leanness, it all produced gobs of words and antidotal tales that ultimately didn’t offer a clear answer. Nothing gave us a direction or path forward that could provide us with the assurance that beef delivered to a restaurant or deli would be consistently tender. Suddenly, only a few months ago, up pops TenetBeef.com. They are a new genetics lab in Washington State, started by a genetics specialist from Washington State University who claims to have found the genetic profile within cattle that will identify if the animal’s beef will have a tenderness of 10 on the tenderness scale of 1 to 10. This genetic profile is inheritable. Jeff Resusser of Royal Fare Farms discovered TenetBeef.com. He told Eliena Bodtke of Stay’n Put Farm who published them in the Irish Dexter Cattlemen Tips & Tricks Guide newsletter. This is a game changer for our farm.  It means that by testing our cows and bulls, if they are Certified Tenet (meaning their beef will have a tenderness of 10, the best), their offspring will be Tenet. It isn’t believed that Tenet is currently a common trait. Still, this offered to be a solution to our beef business, giving us hope. We immediately, one-by-one, took blood samples and sent them in for testing. The result was a complete surprise. 70% of our Irish Dexter cows were Certified Tenet. By culling our non-Tenet cows, we would have a chance for consistently tender beef. Now everything depended on testing our bull. That result was also great. He, too, was Certified Tenet. We had a path forward. The non-Tenet cows explained the occasions when our beef was not as tender as we wanted. Culling was done and now we have a 100% Certified Tenet herd. Hats off to TenetBeef.com! Thank you Jeff, Thank you Eliena. Thank you Irish Dexter Cattlemen Tips & Tricks Guide. Now I can visit our restaurants and delis and tip my white hat to the customers.

Hats Off – 100% Tenet Herd Read More »

General

THE ANCIENT CATTLE Podcast – The Irish Dexter

The Ancient Cattle - Benefits of The Irish Dexter

A Deep Dive Podcast, brought to you by Irish Dexter Cattlemen, on topics of interest to all farmers and ranchers. Subscribe to the free, monthly Irish Dexter Cattlemen Tips & Tricks Guide to get early access.

Brought to You by These Breeders, Affiliates, & Sponsors

Crest Point Farms Online

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How your beef hangs matters

Did you know the way beef is hung during processing can influence eating quality?

Bass Strait Beef uses a Natural State Hanging Method, allowing the carcase to hang like it would stand in the paddock.

This process helps gently stretch the muscles to contribute to improved tenderness in premium cuts like rump and porterhouse. Just one of the many ways we do things differently to deliver you the best beef! 🥩

How your beef hangs matters Read More »

Beef

Rose Veal The Best Beef You’re Probably Afraid to Try

Loved deeply. Raised naturally. Honored completely.

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Rose Veal The Best Beef You’re Probably Afraid to Try Read More »

Beef

Getting And Keeping Your Dexters In Optimal Condition.

Minerals are very important!

We’ve shared several articles on the importance of minerals for your Dexters.

We are discussing it again, as it’s a very important topic for the health of your herd. We cannot express loudly enough how important minerals are for your Dexters. Loose minerals are better than blocks, as they can consume much more in loose form, than they can by licking a block. Minerals are made by several different manufacturers. As with anything, you get what you pay for. We esp. like the VitaFerm brand. Many companies offer minerals that target different seasons or issues, i.e. supporting the reproductive system during breeding, heat stress in the summer, selenium, high mag, and others. Consult with your vet, mentor or a feed rep, to determine what could be lacking in your area and thus what you need to support in your herd.
Some people have their hay tested, so that they can determine what they need to make up for in the minerals they supply for their cows. 

Next, let’s talk about Kelp. We started using Kelp this year, for the first time. Thorvin Kelp, is an organic, natural supplement that is packed full of bioavailable minerals and vitamins. It can also be fed to other animals on your farm. The benefits of feeding Kelp to your herd are many. Some of those are improving breed back time, helping with weight gain, preventing foot rot & pink eye. It basically boosts the animal’s immune system. In turn, this helps lower your vet bills and helps keep your livestock healthier. Kelp can be fed free choice, alongside your loose mineral or it can be blended into a feed ration. Talk with your vet or feed rep, with any questions you may have for feeding Kelp to your herd. 
Apple Cider Vinegar or ACV, is another tool that many use to help build up their animals’ immune systems. We prefer the raw ACV, with “the mother” in it. Some say it helps improve cattle health and feed utilization. Others say it also helps prevent and eliminate parasites and resist disease. It’s also been said to reduce horn flies, by making their skin more acidic. It’s going to depend on the size of your water troughs, on how much to add. One recommendation I found, is to mix in 1-2 cups of ACV, per 20 gallons of water or ¼-1/2 cups per 5 gallons of water. Sick or stressed animals can get more, double or triple the amount of ACV, however I would check with my vet, before increasing it too much. 

Worming: There are several different types of wormers available, that target different types of worms and parasites. They come in pour ons, oral, injection and block or pellet forms. If you have pregnant or lactating cows, make sure the one you chose is safe to use on them. Ask your vet or a mentor. Some breeders have a yearly worming schedule.If you have a poorly looking animal that is thin & has a dull looking coat, or it might have diarrhea or blood in their feces, the first thing you may want to do is to gather a fecal sample into a clean container and take it to your vet for testing. This isn’t costly and it will tell them/you the correct treatment to use. The problem can range from the animal needing worming, to possibly having coccidia or another disease that needs treated. 

A lot of our Country is experiencing high temperatures right now. Usually, any added stress to cattle, can lower their immunity to some things. Higher temperatures can be stressful on animals. If possible, consider moving or working your cattle, during cooler days. Weaning in the hot summer months can be especially stressful for calves. Consider waiting to wean, until cooler months. Make sure they have ample shade to get to, and keep fresh, clean water available, throughout the day. 

Veterinarian: YES! You need to establish a veterinary relationship early in your Dexter journey. They are your first go to in an Emergency and for advice. They need to visit your herd and get to know them. This will benefit you & your herd, in the future. Oftentimes, once they get to know you and the herd, you can obtain advice via a phone call and pick up meds, etc. at their office. Like it or not, there will be an occasion where you need an emergent visit. Your investment in your cattle, is worth calling a vet out in an emergency. Lots of breeders, can give advice from experience, but nothing replaces the professional assessment and treatment of a veterinarian who is familiar with your herd. 
We hope the ideas above, give you something to ponder, research and consider doing to benefit the health of your herd.

Getting And Keeping Your Dexters In Optimal Condition. Read More »

Herd Health

FIXING THE MATH OF HOMESTEAD BEEF

Fixing the Math of Homestead Beef

A Deep Dive Podcast, brought to you by Irish Dexter Cattlemen, on topics of interest to all farmers and ranchers. Subscribe to the free, monthly Irish Dexter Cattlemen Tips & Tricks Guide to get early access.

Brought to You by These Breeders, Affiliates, & Sponsors

Crest Point Farms Online

Since 2024
4 ads

Stay’N Put Farm Online

Since 2024
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Ashrons Acres

Since 2024
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Stumpys Acres

Since 2024
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Maple Creek Dexters

Since 2024
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Pipe Dreams Farm Butchery

Since 2025
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Hayburner Acres

Since 2025
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Grandma's Dexter Farm

Since 2025
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DeVine Farms

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Bryn Mawr

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Why Choose Ancestral Ground Beef?

Ancestral ground beef is a simple way to enjoy more of what nature provides. By blending premium ground beef with nutrient-rich organs like beef liver and heart, you get the great taste of ground beef with an extra boost of essential vitamins and minerals.
Organ meats are among the most nutrient-dense foods available. They naturally provide vitamin A, B vitamins, iron, zinc, copper, and other nutrients that support energy, immune function, and overall wellness. Because the organs are blended in at a balanced ratio, most people enjoy all the nutritional benefits without noticing a strong organ meat flavor.
At Pipe Dream Farms Butchery, we believe in honoring the whole animal by making the most of every cut. Our ancestral ground beef reflects that commitment, offering a wholesome, minimally processed product that’s both delicious and nutritious.
Whether you’re making burgers, tacos, meatballs, chili, or spaghetti, ancestral ground beef is an easy way to add more nutrient-dense food to your family’s meals—without changing the recipes you already love.
Eat the way generations before us did: simple, nourishing, and full of flavor.

Why Choose Ancestral Ground Beef? Read More »

Beef

You DIDN’T get your liver back…maybe this is why?

Recently someone complained about not getting their liver back for the processor. Turns out 1/3 of the beef liver may look like the one in this picture above.

This is from the folks at Backyard Butchery and a post from them on Facebook.

A few days ago I posted a video popping a gnarly liver abscess on a steer we processed.

I did not include much for context, mainly because I did not want to end up in a long drawn out grass-fed vs grain-fed debate. Also, because writing such a post requires a good amount of time, hence the now 4-day follow-up post.

So I will preface this post accordingly: as a business, we respect your decision to feed your animal however you choose. (As long as it’s getting fed, we do not care.) You’re the one eating it, after all!

However, what you saw in the previous video, and below, is 100% from an unbalanced diet of “hot feed” grains.

“Hot feeds” are easily digested, high-energy feeds, such as grains like wheat, corn, barley, & sorghum.

*It is important to note that alfalfa is also considered a “hot feed” & should be treated as such- seasonally, with bloat precautions. (I personally feed a lot of alfalfa hay, with zero concerns of liver abscesses.) Feeding alfalfa will increase heat due to those same high digestibility & energy content properties, but is otherwise considered non-problematic because it does not cause acidosis or gut issues the way that grains do.

In the first video I posted, the steer was heavy corn & sweet feed fed for an extended period of time.

In the video below, you see a different type of abscessed liver in a bull (from a feedlot) fed a ration of 50% corn & 50% alfalfa pellet. Both animals referenced with infected livers were young, under 3yrs of age. I can not tell you their breeding, as that information is unknown.

The USDA does NOT deem this meat inedible, only the liver itself. It can extend into the skirt steak & hanger steak areas, which, if affected, would also be thrown away, & the rest of the animal would be processed as normal.

In both cases, we showed our clients the liver, allowed them to contact their large animal vet, & make a decision for themselves. In both cases, vets were unconcerned for the safety of the meat & animals were processed accordingly.

Now, as someone who primarily processes meat for smaller producers & homesteaders, what came as a shock to me was just how commonplace infected livers are in other butcher shops, all over the country. So much so, that I posted the original video in a butcher group online asking the question “How often do you see liver abscesses in your area?”, & the responses I received back left me dumbfounded.

Comments from other whole animal butcher’s included, but not limited to:

-“Every day.”
-“Every Friday on kill day.”
-“When I was inspecting at a high speed facility it was very common to see in both fat cattle and cull cows.”
-“Usually in grain fed in volume and/or for an extended amount of time.”
-“I’ve seen it a lot on the slaughter floor in cattle on grain for 12 to 18 months. Offal condemned was very high.”
-“Get it heaps but never really that bad.”
-“Saw it 10+ times a day in abattoir, caused by grain feeding.”
-“Yes here and there unfortunately”
-“They call that too hot of feed meaning too much corn grain not enough roughage.”
*Pic in comments

This naturally led me to diving head first into a rabbit hole on the topic of liver abscesses & what little information I could find on what is ironically, a huge problem in the industry.

20-32% of beef processed has what we call in the industry, “avocado liver”. (Yes- it has a nickname among butchers.) What is SO disconcerting to me, personally, is how “normal” this is that nobody has even considered that maybe… it isn’t?

A further breakdown:

“According to Michigan State University Extension, liver abscesses are not a new issue, having been associated with cattle consuming primarily grain-based diets as early as the 1930s. But they remain a costly challenge.

Michigan State Extension Beef Specialist Jerad Jaborek noted that livers condemned at slaughter represent an annual loss to the U.S. beef industry of more than $60 million. And that does not take into account the approximately 5-15% ding to average daily gain, and 9.7% reduction in feed efficiency they also actuate.

Further costs are incurred at the harvest level, where carcass tissue around an infected site may need to be trimmed by hand, and a burst abscess can cause chain stoppage in a plant for an hour or more.
Liver abscesses are also on the rise. According to the National Beef Quality Audit 2018, the incidence of liver abscesses in finished animals had risen from 9.9% in 2010-11, to 19.3% in 2016-17. This piles more issues onto the plate of concerns about the issue, because feeding an antibiotic – most commonly tylosin phosphate – is currently the most effective strategy to control the problem.

But more liver abscesses means more prophylactic antibiotic use, at a time when regulatory bodies and consumer groups are calling on livestock producers to reduce their antibiotic use in food animals, not raise it.”

How they emerge on a scientific level:

“Liver abscesses are discrete circumscribed focal sites of bacterial infection within the liver parenchyma, generally due to bacterial translocation from the rumen through the portal circulation to the liver. The causative organism is almost always Fusobacterium necrophorum. Prevention of the causative rumenitis, by minimizing high grain rations, is generally effective as a herd health strategy. Treatment of individual animals is generally not pursued as clinical signs are usually absent; although affected animals do not gain weight as well as healthy cattle, liver abscesses are generally an incidental finding at slaughter.”

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/hepatic-disease-in-large-animals/liver-abscesses-in-cattle

For those of you seeking “evidence”:
Please scroll through the screenshots here directly from the USDA website, of a study done on the subject of liver abscesses and their cause, dated March 20, 2024.

“Most people associate liver abscesses in cattle with a high-energy diet. The theory is that when cattle are fed elevated grain levels, highly fermentable starch in the rumen is rapidly fermented by bacteria, causing a drop in rumen pH. This acidity causes damage to the rumen lining, allowing bacteria to travel into the blood, reaching the liver and other organs where they can cause infection. However, it is still unknown with accuracy the exact route that these bacteria take to cause infection or injury to the liver.

The study confirms that an acidotic diet, combined with bacterial inoculation in the rumen, can be used as a model to induce liver abscesses. However, further research is being conducted at USDA to determine the consistency of the model before it can be used to evaluate new interventions to prevent this complex infection.”

You DIDN’T get your liver back…maybe this is why? Read More »

Beef

Breed standard…Detailed English Dexter Breed standard that well defines Dexters unique traits.

Breed Standards define breeds so that people know what unique traits the breed possess. Dexters were known to have extremely fine quality beef, it turns out that the original genetics Dexters process may actually help them to have finer quality beef because they have “skin that should be soft and mellow, and handle well, not too thin, hair fine, plentiful and silky”. Consider this quote from the first screen shot “This cow has a very soft supple skin with short sleek shiny, silky hair. She has a well developed gland system. Note the wrinkles in the skin. The softer the hide the closer the wrinkles are.” This well describes Dexters, they have both good overall butterfat and fine textured meat, and they are wearing the signs, if properly bred on their backs. Another good reason to not deviate away from the original Dexter breed standard.

Breed standard…Detailed English Dexter Breed standard that well defines Dexters unique traits. Read More »

Historical